The estrus monitoring of dairy cows includes the recovery of the uterus, ovaries, and physical condition after delivery, estrus inspection, breeding, conception inspection, etc. In these monitoring, B-ultrasound for cows is a very important tool. Genetic, management and health factors have the greatest impact on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. In some herds, the conventional method is to monitor the estrus of dairy cows in the postpartum period, especially at the beginning of breeding, and the cows that have not been observed to be in estrus should be monitored more intensively. Rectal examination, B-ultrasound for cows and milk progesterone determination can be used to monitor ovarian development. If the diagnosis is lack of estrus, it is necessary to distinguish whether it is a problem of individual dairy cows or group dairy cows. If most dairy cows are diagnosed with lack of estrus, it may reflect the nutrition and health problems of the entire herd. Some diseases in the postpartum period, such as dystocia, retained placenta and endometritis, can lead to delayed ovarian development. When using B-ultrasound for cows, it is also necessary to check the disease status while monitoring the estrus status. The omission of estrus inspection is the main reason for breeding delay. There is a high correlation between estrus detection rate and calving interval. The methods and means of estrus inspection are mainly behavioral observation, milk progesterone determination and rectal examination, as well as reliable cattle B-ultrasound examination methods.

Correct diagnosis of estrus in dairy cows and timely breeding are one of the main means to improve the reproductive rate of dairy cows in cattle farms. If estrus identification is not timely and the inspection is inappropriate, it will cause a low conception rate and directly affect the economic benefits of the dairy farm. Therefore, estrus observation of dairy cows is very important. The most accurate method of estrus identification is to use cattle B-ultrasound to check the condition of follicles. During the peak of estrus, the vulva is obviously swollen, and the amount of mucus is large, like egg white; in the late estrus, the swelling of the vulva gradually disappears, and the mucus is thick and yellow. If white or yellow sticky mucus flows out of the vulva of the cow, it means that the cow's uterus or vagina is inflamed and cannot be bred. Of course, it is best to use cattle B-ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.

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