Management of bitch pregnancy begins with husbandry management. Only animals that are in good physical condition, normal, and healthy should be used in breeding programs. During pregnancy, it is important to use veterinary ultrasound to check the body condition of the bitch. Overall health, physical condition, nutrition, age, and genetics can all affect the outcome of a bitch's (or group's) reproduction and the health and welfare of the offspring. Animals living in poor conditions may also have poor fertility and lactation performance, and veterinary ultrasound examination is important. Any disease in a pregnant bitch, or the treatment she receives, may have a potential adverse effect on pregnancy. It is necessary for pregnant bitches to use veterinary ultrasound to check the fetus and her own condition. The worse the condition of the pregnant bitch, the higher the health risk to the bitch and the fetus.

Veterinary B-ultrasound

Nutritional management of breeding bitches is not a stagnant system, nor is it a "one size fits all". In fact, a bitch's nutritional needs will depend on her breed, pregnancy or lactation period, and litter size, and can be determined based on veterinary ultrasound measurements. While each female dog must be managed on an individual basis, there are general guidelines that can increase the likelihood of success for all female dogs. Before starting a breeding program, a veterinary ultrasound examination should be performed. Consulting with a veterinarian can help you establish preventive management practices that will result in breeding a litter of healthy puppies.

Malnutrition can cause poor testicular development, small testicular size, low sperm count, and slow sperm production. It is important to use veterinary ultrasound to check the condition of the testicles. Zinc deficiency affects the sexual desire of male dogs. Insufficient calcium, phosphorus, and sodium salts or an imbalance in the calcium-phosphorus ratio will reduce sperm count and semen volume, and sperm activity will be very poor, affecting fertility.

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