The body condition score of dairy cows, also known as the body fatness score of dairy cows, is an important management tool to measure the relative deposition of subcutaneous fat in dairy cows, improve milk production and reproductive efficiency, and reduce metabolic diseases and other pre- and postpartum diseases. B-ultrasound for cows plays a great role in this period. 

1 point indicates very poor body condition. The tail and the area around the root of the tail are deeply sunken, the skin on the pelvis is tight, and no tissue can be found between the pelvis. B-ultrasound observation of cows shows that no fat tissue is found in the cow's waist. The hip bone, buttocks and ribs can be seen, and the edges are clearly felt. Overall, the cow looks thin. 

2 points indicate poor body condition. The area around the root of the tail is obviously sunken, but not as obvious as the 1-point cow. No fat tissue can be felt between the skin and pelvis. B-ultrasound observation of cows shows that the fat content is very low. But the skin is soft. When touching the cow's waist, the end of the rib is obvious, but the individual ribs can no longer be seen. Although the bones are not so obvious, they are still angular and can be easily distinguished when touched. 

3 points indicate good body condition. There is a slight depression in the tail root area, and the cow has obvious fat tissue underneath when observed with B-ultrasound. The area between the hip bones is very smooth. The loin can feel the end of the ribs under moderate pressure, and a slight depression can be seen in the loin area. The buttocks and hip bones can be felt, but there is a certain muscle covering layer. The buttocks, hip bones and spine have lost their edges and appear very smooth. 

4 points indicate that the body condition is obese. The depression between the hip bone and the tail root is filled. The cow has a fat mass under the skin when observed with B-ultrasound. The pelvis can only be felt by heavy pressure. The cow's loin cannot feel the ribs even with heavy pressure. There is no depression in the waist between the spine and the buttocks. The back and the area between the buttocks and hip bones appear very flat. 5 points indicate that the body condition is very obese. The cow has a large fat content on B-ultrasound. The tail root is buried in fat tissue, the area between the hip bones and coccyx is round and the skin is bulging. No part of the pelvis can be felt even with heavy pressure. There are layers of fatty tissue on the sirloin ribs, no bone structure can be felt, and the hips, hip bones and spine are almost gone.

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