Clinically, when dogs vomit, the size of the abdominal circumference should be observed first. If the abdominal circumference is swollen, gastric dilatation, gastric torsion and intestinal bloating should be considered. If the abdominal circumference is basically normal, esophageal diverticulum, esophageal obstruction, esophagitis, gastric ulcer, foreign body in the stomach, enteritis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal torsion and pyloric stenosis should be considered.

For cases with basically normal abdominal circumference, those with bloody stools or occult blood can be considered to be enteritis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal torsion and intussusception, foreign body in the stomach and gastric ulcer; those without bloody stools can mainly be considered to be esophageal diverticulum, esophageal obstruction, esophagitis and pyloric stenosis.

For cases with bloody stools, blood in vomitus can mainly be considered to be gastric ulcer and foreign body in the stomach, and can also indicate hemorrhagic inflammation of the small intestine. The differentiation of these three diseases requires veterinary X-ray or veterinary B-ultrasound examination; severe abdominal pain can indicate intestinal obstruction, intussusception and intestinal torsion. Intestinal obstruction can generally be felt with obstructions of different shapes; bloody abdominal puncture fluid is considered intussusception and volvulus. Intussusception has a sausage-like feeling, and volvulus has a short and acute course. Diagnosis requires gastrointestinal contrast examination or veterinary B-ultrasound examination.

In cases without bloody stools, vomiting after eating is often considered esophageal diverticulum, and veterinary X-ray contrast examination can find diverticulum. Esophagitis is often accompanied by drooling and dysphagia. Intermittent jet vomiting after eating, the vomitus has a sour smell, generally does not contain bile, and often indicates pyloric stenosis. Veterinary B-ultrasound can also be used for auxiliary examination. Esophageal obstruction occurs suddenly, and the affected dog keeps swallowing or vomiting, and is restless. In esophageal obstruction in the neck, the esophagus can be seen to bulge, and the obstruction can be touched. In esophageal obstruction in the chest, the gastric tube cannot be sent into the stomach, and the vomitus is mostly saliva. Veterinary B-ultrasound can be used for auxiliary diagnosis to confirm the diagnosis well.

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