Endometritis in dairy cows is an inflammation of the endometrium that commonly occurs in dairy cows after delivery. According to the degree of mucosal damage and the nature of secretions, it can be divided into latent, chronic catarrhal, chronic catarrhal suppurative and chronic suppurative endometritis.

The impact of endometritis on reproduction varies according to the degree of inflammation, the time required for recovery of endometrial damage, damage to endometrial glands, and changes in the oviduct environment. Endometritis prolongs the calving interval, reduces milk production, increases the culling rate, increases treatment costs, and wastes milk during antibiotic treatment, causing great economic losses. This disease is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cows.

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The use of imported cattle B-ultrasound detection can effectively prevent endometritis in dairy cows. The ultrasound images of the uterus of dairy cows during estrus and other periods of the sexual cycle are significantly different. During estrus, the boundary between the endometrium and myometrium is obvious. Due to the thickening of the uterine wall and the increase of water content in the uterus, there are more gray areas on the image and the texture is uneven; the uterine wall image is brighter in late estrus and diestrus, and endometrial folds can be seen, but there is no fluid in the uterine cavity. The diameter of the uterus of dairy cows is the largest and the uterine elasticity is the strongest during estrus. The diameter of the uterus is the smallest in the middle and late diestrus.

The speed and degree of uterine involution of dairy cows are the main factors determining the postpartum fertility of dairy cows. The first estrus after calving, the early and late ovulation time of dairy cows, and whether the blastocyst can be implanted are closely related to the state of uterine involution. It can be seen that uterine involution is a key factor in determining the length of the calving interval and is the main factor affecting the reproductive efficiency and economic benefits of dairy cows.

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